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Swimming pool Heat Pump

CALCULATE HEAT PUMP CAPACITY FOR SWIMMING POOL SIZE

Pool Heating Pump Systems: how to calculate heat loss and heater size

This post goes in a bit of detail the complex calculations we provide for you with our instant online pool heater calculator.

This report is the gold standard of pool heater sizing and heating evaluation and will provide you with all you need to know to get your pool heated.

Continuing from last weeks post where I explained how pool heat pumps being the most efficient way of heating a pool, I mention to speak to experts on how to calculate the heating requirement. This week I delve a little deeper into the technical aspects of pool heating pump Explaining COP, heat up times and kW required. So put your thinking cap on and continue reading, maybe you’ll be an expert by the end.

What is a COP

What does COP stand for? You probably read this quite often on the sides of pool heat pumps and typical air conditioning systems. While conventional heaters only achieve efficiencies of about 75%, a heat pump delivers on average about 5 times the heat absorbed. Nearly 80% of the energy needed to heat the pool comes from the ambient air. With the newest inverter models this efficiency can be up to a COP of 15 depending on humidity and temperature.

A COP is in direct relationship with ambient air temperature and humidity because a heat pump extracts the heat from the air. Here is an Example of a COP chart taken directly from our testing facility of the Elite 11kW

For example, with a COP of 5 – 1kW of electricity consumed, creates 5kW of heat released into the pool.

In an example, if we warm our 40m³ pool by 10 ° C with a running time of 40 hours . For this we need a heat pump with an output of approx. 13.94 kW.

A heat pump should have about 1/5 lower power consumption = 13.94 ÷ 5 = 2.79 kW input

The relationship between the power supplied by the heat pump to the pool and the power it consumes is determined by means of the so-called COP factor (power coefficient). The higher the COP value of the pump, the more powerful it is and the lower your electricity bill.

Photovoltaic solar systems are increasingly being installed in the private sector in order to achieve an even more cost-effective power supply. Anyone who has such a system can use a heat pump very economically.

How big does the heat pump for my pool have to be?

If you use your heat pump directly through your filter system, you should adjust the kW output to be slightly higher for lower run times but as an example here is a guide.

The heat pump should be able to heat the water by approx. 0.20 – 0.25 degrees per hour. It takes 1.16 Wh to heat one litre of water one degree, which means 11.6 kWh for a 10m³ pool. In other words, one kilowatt hour heats 862 litre of water by one degree Celsius.

The following table shows how the heat pump is best designed:

Choosing the right pool heat pump for your pool size?

The performance data is based on the following calculation basis

C x VX (T2 – T1)
P = ————————-
h

• + P Performance of swimming pool heat pump
• + C heat storage coefficient of water = 4.186
• + V Pool volume
• + T2 Set temperature
• + T1 Start temperature
• + H Heat up time

The maximum heating time should be 4 hours per 1 ° C water temperature. This is calculated by the heat loss during the night being up to 2°C meaning it would take 8 hours to heat up to full temperature maintaining a constant temp throughout the season.

Example:

Say you have a swimming pool with 40m³ of water and an initial temperature of 18°C.

You want to heat the water to 28°C. The maximum heating time should be 4 hours per 1°C water temperature. Consequently, it takes 40 hours to heat up your 40m³ pool by 10°C.

This results in the following formula:

4.186 x 40 x (28 – 18)
P = ———————— =  52.33kW
40

What else do you need to know about a heat pump?

The choice of location is also very important because the heat pump needs very large amounts of air to function properly! For this, a suitable place for the fresh air must be found in most cases indoor operation does not work.

The heat pump itself is then integrated directly into the filter circuit, after the filter system and before the chlorinator if fitted.

High-quality heat pumps are equipped with corrosion-protected heat exchangers and can thus heat any swimming pool water, whether it is cared for with chlorine, bromine, ozone or chlorine-free products. The use for pools with sea water is also possible.

With all pools other factors including solar gains, wind factors and evaporation losses need to be taken into consideration. This article is to give a bit of insight on one way of sizing.

CALCULATE BY SURFACE AREA 

The total required heat to increase and maintain the temperature in an outdoor pool can be calculated as

htotal = hsurface + hheat-up (1)

where

htotal = total heat load (btu/hr, W)

hsurface = heat loss from pool through the surface – mainly evaporation of water (btu/hr, W)

hheat-up = heat load required to increase the pool temperature (btu/hr, W)

Heat-Up Load

The heat-up load depends on the volume of the pool. The volume can be calculated as:

V = 7.5 l w d (2)

where

V = volume (Gal)

l = length (ft)

w = width (ft)

d = depth (ft)

The heat-up load can be calculated as

hheat-up = 8.34 V dTw / dt                                             (3)

where

dTw = difference between initial temperature and the final temperature of the water in the pool (oF)

dt = heat pick-up time (hr)

Swimming Pool Heat-Up Load or Heat-Up Time Calculator – Imperial Units

Add the required data for your swimming pool below. Note that you must use either “Heat-Up Load” or “Heat Pick-up Time” in the calculator.

Note that heat loss during heat-up is not included in the calculation.

Surface Heat Loss due to Temperature Difference

The heat load required to replace the surface heat loss due to the temperature difference between the pool surface and the ambient air can be expressed as

hsurface = ks dTaw A (4)

where

ks = surface heat loss factor – for sheltered positions with average wind velocity 2 to 5 (mph), the surface heat loss factor is in the range 4 to 7 (Btu/hr ft2 oF)

dTaw = temperature difference between the air and surface water in the pool (oF)

A = surface area of the pool (ft2)

Note that the major part of the heat loss from a swimming pool surface is a result of evaporation of water from the surface.

Example – Pool Heating

A pool with dimensions length 30 ft, width 20 ft and dept 6 ft is heated from 50oF to 75oF. The volume in the pool (in gallons) can be calculated as

V = (30 ft) (20 ft) (6 ft) (7.5 gal/ft3)

= 27000 (gal)

The heat-up heat required to heat the pool up in 24 hours can be calculated as

hheat-up = (27000 gal) (8.34 lbs/gal) ((75 oF) – (50 oF)) (1.0 Btu/lb oF) / (24 hr)

= 234562 Btu/hr

1 Btu/hr = 2.931×10-4 kW = 0.252 kcal/hr

Note that this value is without the increased heat loss through the surface due to the increased temperature difference and increased evaporation when the temperature increases.

If the ambient temperature is 65 oF and the wind conditions is modereate, the heat loss through the surface due to temperature difference (when the pool is heated up) can be calculated as

hsurface = (5 Btu/hr ft2 oF) ((75 oF) – (65 oF)) (30 ft) (20 ft)

= 30000 (Btu/hr)

Heat-up Load in SI-units

The heat-up load in SI-units can be calculated as

hheat-up =  ρ cp l w d dT / dt  (5)

where

hheat-up = heat flow rate required (kW, kJ/s)

ρ = 1000 – density of water (kg/m3)

cp = specific heat water (4.2 kJ/kgoC)

l = length of swimming pool (m)

w = width of swimming pool (m)

d = dept of swimming pool (m)

dT = difference between initial and final temperature (oC)

dt = heat up time (sec)

Example – Heat-up Load in SI-units

The heat-up load for a swimming pool with dimensions 12 m x 6 m x 1.5 m, heated from 10oC to 20oC in 10 hours, can be calculated as

hheat-up =  (1000 kg/m3) (4.2 kJ/kgoC) (12 m) (6 m) (1.5 m) ((20 oC) – (10 oC)) / ((10 hours) (3600 sec/hours))

= 126 (kW)

Swimming Pool Heat-Up Load or Heat-Up Time Calculator – SI Units

Add the required data for your swimming pool below. Note that you must use either “Heat-Up Load” or “Heat Pick-up Time” in the calculator.

Note that heat loss during heat-up is not included in the calculation.